Tyre Compound

Tyre compound refers to the rubber formulation used in a Formula 1 tyre. Pirelli, the exclusive tyre supplier since 2011, produces five dry-weather compounds: C1 (hardest), C2, C3, C4, and C5 (softest). For each race, Pirelli selects three compounds — typically named Hard, Medium, and Soft for that specific event. Softer compounds provide more grip and faster lap times but wear out more quickly; harder compounds are more durable but slower. Drivers must use at least two different compounds during a dry race. The choice of tyre compound and the timing of tyre changes is a critical strategic decision. Pirelli also produces intermediate and full wet tyres for use in wet conditions.

Pirelli replaced Bridgestone as F1's tyre supplier in 2011. Pirelli's initial tyres were designed to degrade quickly, creating multiple pit stops and strategic variety. This approach was controversial — drivers complained about unpredictable tyre behaviour. Pirelli has gradually evolved its compounds to provide more predictable performance while maintaining strategic interest.